北部湾沿岸三种常见赤潮藻类对浮游微食物网主要类群的影响          下载免费PDF全文

陆家昌  陆敏桢  李杰  赖俊翔  庄军莲 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):414-422

本研究向自然海水中接种中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、红色哈卡藻（Akashiwo sanguinea）和球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）游离单细胞进行培养,比较不同赤潮藻类对海洋浮游微食物网主要类群的影响。结果发现,红色哈卡藻和中肋骨条藻均经历了从增殖到衰亡的过程,中肋骨条藻在磷酸盐耗尽后消亡,磷酸盐随之被重新释放到水体中;而无论增殖还是衰亡,红色哈卡藻添加组磷酸盐含量均持续降低。球形棕囊藻游离单细胞在迅速增殖将磷酸盐耗尽后并未衰亡,其密度维持相对稳定。红色哈卡藻添加组和中肋骨条藻添加组的细菌密度显著低于中肋骨条藻添加组（P<0.05）。三种藻类相比,红色哈卡藻添加组中纤毛虫、异养微型鞭毛虫（heterotrophic nanoflagellate, HNF）和含色素体微型鞭毛虫（pigmented nanoflagellate, PNF）的丰度最高（P<0.05）,但该组微型鞭毛虫的营养结构（HNF/PNF）与中肋骨条藻添加组无显著差异（P>0.05）。球形棕囊藻添加组含色素体微型鞭毛虫的丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,从而导致该组微型鞭毛虫营养结构显著偏向异养（P<0.05）。实验结束时,球形棕囊藻添加组纤毛虫的丰度显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。本研究中,球形棕囊藻可通过与含色素体微型鞭毛虫竞争营养盐并抵御异养微型鞭毛虫及纤毛虫捕食的方式对微食物网产生影响。红色哈卡藻对微食物网的影响主要是由于其可被异养微型鞭毛虫摄食。中肋骨条藻对微食物网的影响受营养盐的调节,细菌的分解可能在该藻衰亡后的营养盐再生过程中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

安达曼海浮游有孔虫群落对全新世海洋环境变化的响应     

张玲芝  向荣  唐灵刚  杨艺萍  钟福昌 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(6):51-61

通过对安达曼海重力柱ADM-C1的浮游有孔虫群落分析, 探讨了该区全新世以来的海洋环境演化。研究发现, 该区浮游有孔虫群落总体以热带暖水种Globigerinoides ruber、Globigerinoides sacculifer、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Pulleniatina obliquiloculata等为主。其中G. ruber的相对丰度从早全新世至今呈逐渐降低的趋势, G. sacculifer则呈大致相反的变化趋势。N. dutertrei的相对丰度从11—7.9ka BP较高, 到7.9—3.8ka BP偏低, 3.8ka BP以来又逐渐升高。而P. obliquiloculata的变化趋势则与N. dutertrei大致相反。研究认为, 安达曼海不存在与冲绳海槽类似的晚全新世普林虫低值事件。浮游有孔虫群落Q型因子显示全新世海洋环境呈现三个明显的阶段变化: 早全新世 11—7.9ka BP期间, 浮游有孔虫群落以G. ruber、N. dutertrei与G. bulloides为主, 反映了该阶段较强的夏季风降水会导致表层水体盐度较低, 同时冬季风的影响相对较强; 7.9—3.8ka BP期间, 以G. ruber、P. obliquiloculata和Globigerinella aequilateralis为主, 指示水体盐度仍然较低, 同时次表层属种显著增多, 对应了该阶段强盛的印度夏季风, 上层海水混合强烈; 3.8—0ka BP期间, 以G. sacculifer、N. dutertrei和P. obliquiloculata为主要特征属种, 而G. ruber相对丰度明显下降, 表明该时期表层海水的盐度有显著上升, 对应了印度夏季风降水的明显减弱。安达曼海浮游有孔虫群落所呈现的全新世海洋环境阶段性变化和陆地夏季风记录有很好的一致性, 也与该孔敏感粒级组分所反映的印度季风的强度变化一致, 表明热带边缘海区的有孔虫群落组合可以很好地响应区域海洋环境变化。  相似文献   

北极黄河站邻近海域浮游细菌多样性初步研究     

刘嘉佩  陈蔷薇  徐倩  刘雪珠  樊英萍  戴秋萍  王健鑫 《海洋科学》2018,42(4):53-63

通过荧光染色、稀释培养、生理生化和16SrRNA基因鉴定等方法,研究了北极黄河站附近海域海水中浮游细菌的丰度、可培养浮游细菌形态学特征及多样性;采用高通量测序技术研究了黄河站附近采样站点(BJ2)的不可培养浮游细菌群落结构。可培养研究结果表明:(1)9个站点(BJ1-BJ9)水样平均含菌数为2.88×108个/L;(2)21株可培养浮游细菌中,仅AB08、AB09和AB17三株细菌为革兰氏阳性菌;(3)细菌主要包括放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势菌(占71%)。高通量测序结果显示:在得到的1 467个不可培养浮游细菌OTU中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌群,所占比例分别为49.71%和41.61%,还有少量的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia);其中变形菌门中以α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)为主要类群。  相似文献   

A new platypterygiine ichthyosaur rostrum from the Lower Cretaceous of the Lessini Mountains (Northern Italy)     

《Cretaceous Research》2017

An incomplete rostrum of a platypterygiine ichthyosaur (IGVR 94574) has recently been found near Tregnago (Verona, Italy), in the Lessini Mts. This is the first Cretaceous ichthyosaurian fossil found in Italy outside the northern Apennines, where fragmentary remains have been recovered since the 19^th century.IGVR 94574 is a mid-distal rostral fragment infilled by a white, fine-grained limestone matrix. It consists of the premaxilla, nasal, vomer, dentary, and splenial, together with 20 teeth.Even if the exact horizon of provenance is unknown, analysis of the microfossil content of the matrix (planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils) allowed us to assign it to the lower part of the upper Albian. This is also the first Cretaceous ichthyosaur in Italy with a precise age: all previously reported fossils from the Apennines could not be dated due to the complete absence of microfossils in the surrounding matrix.We assign IGVR 94572 to Platypterygiinae; generic specification is not possible pending the taxonomic revision of the genus Platypterygius.Finally, the Tregnago rostrum is strikingly similar to the specimen IPUM 30139 from Gombola (Modena, Italy), stored in the collections of the Paleontological Museum of Modena and Reggio Emilia University and also attributable to a platypterygiine ichthyosaur. The comparison between these two fossils reveals the teeth are very similar both in shape and size.  相似文献   

Reassessment of historical sections from the Paleogene marine margin of the Congo Basin reveals an almost complete absence of Danian deposits     

Floréal Solé  Corentin Noiret  Delphine Desmares  Sylvain Adnet  Louis Taverne  Thierry De Putter  Florias Mees  Johan Yans  Thomas Steeman  Stephen Louwye  Annelise Folie  Nancy J.Stevens  Gregg F.Gunnell  Daniel Baudet  Nicole Kitambala Yaya  Thierry Smith 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):1039-1063

The early Paleogene is critical for understanding global biodiversity patterns in modern ecosystems. During this interval, Southern Hemisphere continents were largely characterized by isolation and faunal endemism following the breakup of Gondwana. Africa has been proposed as an important source area for the origin of several marine vertebrate groups but its Paleogene record is poorly sampled, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. To document the early Paleogene marine ecosystems of Central Africa, we revised the stratigraphic context of sedimentary deposits from three fossil-rich vertebrate localities: the Landana section in the Cabinda exclave(Angola), and the Manzadi and Bololo localities in western Democratic Republic of Congo.We provide more refined age constraints for these three localities based on invertebrate and vertebrate faunas, foraminiferal and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, and carbon isotope records. We find an almost complete absence of Danian-aged rocks in the Landana section, contrary to prevailing interpretations over the last half a century(only the layer 1, at the base of the section, seems to be Danian). Refining the age of these Paleocene layers is crucial for analyzing fish evolution in a global framework, with implications for the early appearance of Scombridae(tunas and mackerels) and Tetraodontiformes(puffer fishes). The combination of vertebrate fossil records from Manzadi and Landana sections suggests important environmental changes around the K/Pg transition characterized by an important modification of the ichthyofauna. A small faunal shift may have occurred during the Selandian. More dramatic is the distinct decrease in overall richness that lasts from the Selandian to the Ypresian. The Lutetian of West Central Africa is characterized by the first appearance of numerous cartilaginous and bony fishes. Our analysis of the ichthyofauna moreover indicates two periods of faunal exchanges: one during the Paleocene, where Central Africa appears to have been a source for the European marine fauna, and another during the Eocene when Europe was the source of the Central Africa fauna. These data indicate that Central Africa has had connections with the Tethyian realm.  相似文献   

Albian to Coniacian zonation of the Western Coastal Plain of Israel     

S. Lipson-Benitah 《Cretaceous Research》1980,1(1):3-12

A planktonic biozonation of the Albian to Coniacian stages for the Western Coastal Plain of Israel, is proposed. Ten zones are described, based on the succession of the following genera: Ticinella, Thamanninella, Rotalipora and Marginotruncana. Chronostratigraphic position of the zones and comparison with both, regional and worldwide biozonation, are discussed.  相似文献   

边缘海浮游生态系统对生物泵的调控作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄邦钦  柳欣 《地球科学进展》2015,30(3):385-395

海洋生物泵及其与碳循环关键生物地球化学研究是当今全球变化研究的前沿课题。边缘海是全球海洋的重要组分,在生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和气候调节中起着十分重要的调控作用,同时也是海洋生态系统和生物地球化学过程相互作用研究的热点和难点区域。针对"边缘海浮游生物群落结构如何调控生物泵效率"这一科学命题,归纳分析了浮游生态系统主要生物组分及其在碳循环和生物泵(颗粒有机碳输出)过程中的作用,总结了当前国内外相关研究进展和存在的问题。目前大多数的研究思路是将整个浮游生态系统看成黑箱模式,关注该生态系统某些方面的动态与生物泵效率的关系。最新研究表明,浮游生态系统对生物泵的调控并不是简单的线性关系,该系统内不同营养级间的碳流与颗粒有机碳输出的相关过程非常复杂。简单地利用浮游生物不同类群(含营养级)生物量和生产力等指标来阐明浮游生态系统结构和生物泵效率的耦合机制非常困难。针对当今存在的问题,提出从整个浮游生态系统入手,在研究生态系统群落组成和生物量(即各类群颗粒有机碳储库)的基础上,更加关注有机碳在不同营养级之间的转换过程及其速率,期望阐明影响生物泵效率的关键生物地球化学过程和机制,同时构建不同浮游生态系统的碳流传递过程和颗粒有机碳的输出模式,从而最终揭示浮游生物群落结构调控生物泵效率的问题。  相似文献   

Invasion of anthropogenic CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> recorded in planktonic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Aqaba     

Saber?Al-RousanEmail author  Jürgen?P?tzold  Salim?Al-Moghrabi  Gerold?Wefer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2004,93(6):1066-1076

The stable carbon isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides sacculifer and G. ruber (white) and sedimentary organic matter from the northern Gulf of Aqaba have been investigated to estimate changes in ¹³C_DIC in surface waters during the last 1,000 years. The high sedimentation rates at the core sites (about 54 cm/Kyear) provide high temporal resolution (~10 years). Recent sediments at the top of the cores reflect conditions younger than 1950. The ¹³C records of the planktonic foraminifera from three multicores display similar trends, showing a uniform and consistent pattern before the 1750s, and a gradual decrease of approximately 0.63 over the last two centuries. This decrease seems to track the decrease of ¹³C_DIC in surface waters, which is mainly caused by the increase of anthropogenic input of ¹³C-depleted CO₂ into the atmosphere. Similarly, a trend towards lighter values of the carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter (¹³C_org) during the last 200 years supports the interpretation obtained from the planktonic foraminiferal ¹³C. Furthermore, direct measurements of seawater show that ¹³C of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the northern Gulf of Aqaba has decreased by about 0.44 during the period 1979–2000. The average annual decrease is 0.021, which is similar to that observed globally. The ¹³C values of planktonic foraminifera combined with organic matter ¹³C from marine sediments are good indicators for reconstructing past changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentrations from the northern Gulf of Aqaba.  相似文献   

海洋纤毛虫一新属,伪小双虫属及新组合──拉氏伪小双虫   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋微波 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(1):18-22

于１９９１年４月在青岛－贝类养殖池中采集到一大型腹毛目纤毛虫。研究表明，该纤毛虫代表一新属（伪小双虫属）并由此建立起一新组合－拉氏伪小双虫。该属特征为：左右各有一列纵行的腹棘毛，其右侧一列前端与口围带相接；有额、口棘毛分化；横棘毛高度发达并上行至虫体胞口后方。  相似文献   

鲍养成阶段养殖环境中的浮游纤毛虫     

黄建荣  白庆笙  黄绍松  祝铃  徐润林 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(4):33-41

在使用表层海水作养殖水的杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)养成池,整个养成阶段共检测到浮游纤毛虫33种,其中寡毛目(Oligotrichida)的种类最多,为14种。在一个使用沙井水作养殖水的杂色鲍养成池周年研究中,共观察到浮游纤毛虫24种。2类养成池的纤毛虫优势种都是尾丝虫(Uronema sp．)、钟虫(Vorticella sp．)和具沟急游虫(Strombidium sulcatum)。虽然后者养殖用水为沙井水,但养殖密度较大,水体交换量稍低,养殖水体中有机质含量高,嗜污性纤毛虫得以大量繁殖,其密度较前者高一倍。在养殖用水取水海区——红海湾近岸表层海水中,共检测到浮游纤毛虫27种,其中砂壳亚目(Tintinnina)纤毛虫16种。受水环境中二氧化碳浓度变化影响,养成池与取水海区砂壳虫的种类组成和密度有较大区别。  相似文献